By Darryl Mitteldorf, LCSW
What is prostate cancer screening?
Prostate cancer screening means checking for prostate cancer before you have any symptoms. It usually involves simple tests to look for early signs of trouble. The goal is to catch prostate cancer early, when it may be easier to treat. Screening is a personal choice – you discuss the pros and cons with your doctor and decide if it’s right for you. In short, it’s a way to stay proactive about your health even if you feel perfectly fine.
Why is prostate cancer screening important?
Screening matters because finding prostate cancer early might save your life. If a cancer is aggressive, catching it before it spreads can allow treatment that lowers the chance of dying from the disease. Many men also feel peace of mind knowing whether or not they have cancer. However, it’s important to remember that not all prostate cancers are dangerous – many grow slowly and never cause problems. That’s why discussing the potential benefits and downsides of screening with your doctor is so important.
Who should get screened for prostate cancer?
Men in their 50s who are in good health are typically the ones who should consider screening. If you’re at average risk, many experts recommend starting screening discussions at age 50. Higher-risk men, such as African American men or those with a family history of prostate cancer, should consider starting earlier, around age 45 or even 40.
When should I start prostate cancer screening, and how often?
Most average-risk men start screening around age 50. If you’re at higher risk, start the conversation around age 45 or earlier. How often depends on your PSA levels and your doctor’s advice – it could be every 1–2 years. Screening usually stops after age 70 or if you have serious health conditions.
What does prostate cancer screening involve?
Screening usually involves two tests: a PSA blood test to check your PSA levels and a DRE (Digital Rectal Exam), where the doctor feels your prostate through the rectum. These tests together give a better picture of your prostate health.
What are the risks or downsides of prostate cancer screening?
Screening has some downsides: false alarms that lead to unnecessary worry or biopsies, overdiagnosis of slow-growing cancers that may never cause harm, and potential side effects from treatment like incontinence or sexual problems. Discuss these with your doctor to decide what’s best for you.
What happens if my screening result is abnormal?
An abnormal result doesn’t mean you have cancer. Your doctor may repeat the test, order more specific tests, or recommend a prostate biopsy to check for cancer. A biopsy is the only way to know for sure.
How should I prepare for a prostate cancer screening test?
Avoid ejaculation and heavy exercise like cycling for 1–2 days before your PSA test. Try to get the PSA blood test done before a DRE, as the DRE might slightly raise PSA. There’s no special prep for the DRE itself—just try to relax.
I’m nervous about prostate screening. How can I cope with that, and can my partner help?
It’s normal to feel nervous. Talk about it with someone you trust. Focus on why screening matters—catching problems early. Bring a partner or friend to the appointment for support, and ask your doctor to explain what’s happening so you feel in control.